As new ways to grow plants flourish, there is a need for those ways to have efficient and effective irrigation systems, not only just from an irrigation perspective; now there is a concern about saving water.
A capillary mat system is one of the kinds of systems that fit those criteria, like using less water and being the best way for greenhouse or potted plants or interior home plants irrigation.
This guide dives into capillary mat systems, covering how they work, their types, benefits, and potential downsides.
Whether you’re a professional greenhouse manager, a hobby gardener, or simply curious about innovative plant care techniques, this article will provide you with a thorough understanding of capillary mat systems and their place in modern plant cultivation.
What Is a Capillary Mat System?
As a name, it is a mat made from recycled materials like polyester, polypropylene, cellulose, and viscose.
This 3mm thick mat absorbs and distributes water across its surface. When you place plants on the mat, they draw water up through their drainage holes via capillary action, mimicking how they naturally absorb water from the soil.
To properly work, Capillary mats are connected to the water source and placed on a slightly sloped surface to ensure even water distribution.
For stopping water evaporation and algae growth, the mat is usually covered with a water-impermeable layer on the bottom.
How Does the Capillary Mat System Work?
Capillary mat systems work based on the scientific principle of capillary action, also known as capillarity.
Capillarity happens when the adhesive forces between a liquid and a solid are stronger than the cohesive forces within the liquid itself.
Simply, a liquid can flow against gravity in narrow spaces, without the need for any external force.
Here’s how it works in this system:
1. Capillary mat saturated with the water from a connected water source.
2. The wet mat comes into contact with the pot, which has the dry soil through the drainage holes.
3. The difference in water potential between the wet mat and the drier soil creates a pressure gradient.
4. Defying gravity water moves from the mat into the soil through the tiny pores in the soil and the drainage hole.
5. As the plant uses water the soil dries, and it continues to draw water from the mat, maintaining a consistent moisture level.
This process continues as long as there’s water available in the mat and the soil isn’t completely dry.
The system is kind of self regulatory to some degree, as plants will only draw water when needed, reducing the risk of overwatering.
Types Of Capillary Mat System
The capillary mat comes in different types based on the materials and the characteristics suited to different applications. The main types include:
Natural Fiber Mat:
Made from natural materials like coconut coir or jute, these mats are biodegradable and environmentally friendly. They’re popular for organic growing operations and home use.
Synthetic Fiber Mat:
These mats are made from the synthetic material like polyester or nylon, these mats are durable and resistant to decomposition. They’re often used in commercial greenhouse settings due to their longevity.
Foam Based Mat:
Foam-based mats aim to hold as much water as possible and are often used for plants with high water requirements.
Composite Mat:
In Composite mats, more than one material is used. For example, a mat might have a synthetic fiber top layer for durability and a foam bottom layer for increased water retention.
Self Watering Mat:
These advanced mats incorporate a water reservoir and are designed for use in self-contained systems. They’re popular for indoor plants and in situations where regular maintenance isn’t possible.
Customizable Mat:
Now, some manufacturers offer customizable mats that can be cut to size or shaped to fit specific growing areas, providing flexibility in system design.
Pros of Capillary Mat System
Environment Friendly
As you know, capillary mats can be made from natural materials. Also, Reduces water consumption and can be used with organic growing methods.
Water Efficiency
The system provides the water directly to the plant root, reducing the water waste through runoff or evaporation.
Labor Saving
Once the capillary system is set up, it does not need any human intervention, saving time and effort.
Consistent Moisture Level
Plants can access the water when needed because the capillary system maintains optimum soil moisture level.
Reduce Disease Risk
Water is delivered from the bottom, only maintaining moisture in the soil, keeping foliage dry, and reducing the risk of fungal diseases.
Versatility
Capillary system suitable for many types of plants and pot sizes.
Scalability
Can be implemented in small home setups or large commercial operations.
Cons of Capillary Mat System
Not Suitable for All Plants
Not all the plants growing in pots or in a greenhouse kind of growing in limited space need a constant supply of moisture. Many need a gap between irrigation cycles.
Initial Cost
While the system may save money in the long run, installation and setup can cost more than traditional systems.
Risk of Overwatering
If the capillary system is not managed well, some plants in the setup absorb more water than necessary.
Also leads to stagnation if not drained, leading to root problems.
Maintenance Requirements
Capillary mats need regular cleaning and occasional replacement to prevent algae growth and efficiency.
Limited Fertilizer Control
Applying liquid fertilizer effectively through this system is challenging.
Temperature Sensitivity
In a cold environment, maintaining the moisture in the soil leads to chilling injury in some plants.
Uniform Watering
A capillary mat is not suitable for mixed plants with a variety of water needs.
Dependency
Plants may depend on the consistent moisture, making them less resilient if removed from the system.
Best Practices for Using Capillary Mat System
To use the maximum capacity of the capillary mat system, you should consider following some of the steps below:
Choose the Right Mat
Select a mat that matches your plant and soil type. As mentioned, pick the correct mat for your conditions.
Proper Setup
Make sure to have a slight slope for even water distribution and proper drainage.
Regular Maintenance
Clean the mat periodically to prevent algae growth and mineral build-up.
Occasionally, water from above flush accumulated salts.
Monitor Water Quality
Use clean water or consider water treatment if necessary.
Integrate With Proper Ventilation
Having good air circulation helps prevent mold and fungal growth.
Adjust For Plant Needs
Group the plants requiring similar water requirements.
Use Appropriate Soil Mix
Use the soil that is a well-draining potting mix working well with capillary action.
Last Word…
Capillary mat systems are an effective and innovative method of irrigation. While they’re not perfect, their benefits make them valuable in many horticultural applications.
As water conservation becomes increasingly important and the demand for efficient growing methods rises, capillary mat systems are likely to play an increasingly significant role in both commercial and hobbyist plant cultivation.
By understanding the system’s principles, advantages, and limitations, you can make informed decisions about incorporating these systems into your plant care routines.
Leave a Reply